YB1-12 Intelligent prefabricated substation (European style)
European-style substations consist of three parts: the base, the shell, and the top cover.
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YB1-12 Intelligent prefabricated substation (European style)
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- Commodity name: YB1-12 Intelligent prefabricated substation (European style)
European-style substations consist of three parts: the base, the shell, and the top cover.
Cabinet Structure
The cabinet of a European-style substation consists of three parts: base, shell, and top cover.
The base is generally made of channel steel, angle steel, flat steel, steel plate, etc., and is formed by welding or bolting. To meet the needs of ventilation, heat dissipation, and wire entry/exit, rectangular and appropriately sized circular holes should be opened at the corresponding positions. The cabinet shell and top cover are made of channel steel, angle steel, steel plate, aluminum alloy plate, color steel plate, cement board, etc., and are formed by bending, welding, or using screws, hinges, or related special accessories.
Regardless of the material of the transformer cabinet shell, it must meet the following five-proof functions according to the standard requirements: sun-proof, rain-proof, dust-proof, rust-proof, and pest-proof (such as snakes). To prevent strong sunlight radiation in hot summers, the top of the European-style substation shell generally uses a low thermal conductivity insulation material as a filler. Commonly used fillers include rock wool board and polystyrene foam plastic.
In traditionally designed "combined substations," insulation fillers are also generally filled in the shell. This method is no longer used by most designers because although the insulation filler can prevent strong sunlight radiation in hot summers, it also hinders the dissipation of a large amount of heat generated during transformer operation. Therefore, in addition to retaining the method of punching louver holes on the shell, designers also adopt methods to increase the heat dissipation area and enhance air convection for heat dissipation, while also reducing manufacturing costs.
Surface treatment of European-style transformer substations: There are many methods for surface treatment of European-style transformer substations. In northern China, traditional methods such as spraying, baking, and powder coating are mostly used. In economically developed areas of southern China, in addition to the above methods, colored ceramic tiles or veneers are also attached to the outside of the cement board structure shell, especially for the appearance of transformer substations located in residential areas, making them more coordinated and unified with the style of local buildings.
High-voltage switchgear structure
European-style transformer substation high-voltage switchgear is divided into terminal type and ring network type according to the incoming line method; according to the incoming line direction, it can be divided into overhead incoming line from the top of the cabinet (this method is more commonly used in traditional transformer substations) and incoming and outgoing lines from underground using high-voltage cable trenches, which is a more common method in modern design.
SF6 series load switches using SF6 gas as the arc extinguishing medium are more common, and their cost is higher than that of FN-10 series high-voltage load switches. These switches have structures with or without fuses,
grounding switches, etc., but generally have an energized indicator; the operating mechanism is generally manual, but there are also electric operations. Those with fuses can automatically cut off the switch when a short circuit fault occurs in the circuit,
protecting the circuit and equipment such as transformers and switches.
There are also vacuum switches using vacuum as the arc extinguishing medium. These switches can be used alone, or with fuses, or in series with SF6 series load switches, but this will increase the cost. Unless the user has special requirements, this is not necessary.
High-voltage metering: In high-voltage switchgear, if the user has high-voltage metering requirements, a high-voltage metering cabinet must also be installed.
Power supply departments in various parts of China do not have uniform requirements for high-voltage or low-voltage metering. The Northwest power supply regulations stipulate that when the transformer capacity is greater than 160 KVA, high-voltage metering must be used; the high-voltage metering cabinet switch must be controlled by the power supply department. Power supply departments in Beijing, Tianjin, and other North China regions believe that the metering of transformer substations should be preferably on the low-voltage side, which can improve power supply reliability and reduce the instability caused by high-voltage metering. The loss of the transformer itself can be converted into electricity charges and borne by the user.
The structure of the transformer substation high-voltage metering cabinet generally consists of: CT, PT, and metering instruments, remote control, remote measurement devices, etc.
Transformer Room Structure
European-style transformer substations all have independent transformer rooms, which mainly consist of: transformers, automatic temperature control systems, lighting, and safety guardrails.
When the transformer is running, a large amount of heat will be generated and dissipated into the transformer room. Therefore, the heat dissipation and ventilation of the transformer room are issues that should be considered in the design of European-style transformer substations. When the transformer is running, a continuous large amount of heat is generated, causing the temperature of the transformer room to continuously rise, especially when the ambient temperature is high, the temperature rises faster. Therefore, relying solely on natural ventilation for heat dissipation often cannot guarantee the reliable and safe operation of the transformer. In the design of European-style transformer substations, except for transformer substations with smaller transformer capacities that use natural ventilation, temperature measurement protection is generally designed, and forced ventilation measures are used to solve this problem. This system mainly consists of measuring devices that can measure both the transformer room temperature and oil temperature. Then, through manual and automatic control circuits, whether the exhaust fan needs to be activated is set and controlled according to the set temperature range for the reliable and safe operation of the transformer.
In European-style transformer substations, both oil-immersed transformers and dry-type transformers can be selected, but because dry-type transformers are more expensive, oil-immersed transformers should be selected to reduce manufacturing costs unless the user has special requirements. The transformer capacity is generally between 100-1250 KVA, and the maximum should not exceed 1600 KVA.
Low-voltage Room Structural Design
The low-voltage room of European-style transformer substations should have different structural designs depending on whether they are used in industrial and mining enterprises or residential areas. For European-style transformer substations used in industrial and mining enterprises, power supply and lighting supply should be designed separately. When using low-voltage metering, the power supply bureau generally requires separate metering for lighting electricity, mainly because the unit price of lighting electricity is generally higher than that of power electricity. In the structural design of substations used in residential areas, it is not necessary to consider the issue of power supply.
The number of output circuits in the low-voltage room of European-style transformer substations varies in structural design depending on the size of the transformer capacity and the user's needs. For small transformer capacities and users with fewer output circuit requirements, fewer circuits can be set; for large transformer capacities and users requiring more input and output circuits, more circuits can be considered, and a layout with a corridor can also be considered.
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